ĭeepfakes have garnered widespread attention for their potential use in creating child sexual abuse material, celebrity pornographic videos, revenge porn, fake news, hoaxes, bullying, and financial fraud. In turn the field of image forensics develops techniques to detect manipulated images. The main machine learning methods used to create deepfakes are based on deep learning and involve training generative neural network architectures, such as autoencoders, or generative adversarial networks (GANs). While the act of creating fake content is not new, deepfakes leverage powerful techniques from machine learning and artificial intelligence to manipulate or generate visual and audio content that can more easily deceive. Deepfakes are the manipulation of facial appearance through deep generative methods. Deepfakes ( portmanteau of ' deep learning' and 'fake' ) are synthetic media that have been digitally manipulated to replace one person's likeness convincingly with that of another.
